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A Flexible Ionic Polymer for “Soft Machines” – Where is the Low Temperature Limit? by Thibodeau, Jake (author);Ignaszak, Anna (author) is a Engineering article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Abstract Soft wearable robotics, electronic skins, exoskeletons, implantable drug delivery, medical sensors, fitness trackers as well as flexible power sources (batteries, capacitors, fuel cells) are emerging technologies that require significant innovation to succeed. Conducting hydrogels are one of the promising flexible platforms that can adopt a modular specification of wearable electronics. However, a common difficulty arises from incorporation of water that serves as main facilitator of ionic conductivity for these materials. This results in severe loss of performance when need to operate below freezing point of water. This work shows that the hydrogel with 50 vol % of glycerol with respect to water content can nominally support a modest weight at room temperature (360 g), and a significantly higher weight (1.5 kg) when cooled to −60 °C. Unlike other formulations, this hydrogel remained transparent at extremely low temperatures and thus could be useful in flexible optical devices. At −20 °C, conductivity of hydrogel without anti‐freeze drops below 2×10^−4^ S cm^−1^, with 25–50 vol % of glycerol ranging at ∼0.5 to 4×10^−3^ S cm^−1^. Furthermore, at −40 °C the hydrogel witho

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Author

Thibodeau, Jake (author);Ignaszak, Anna (author)

Publisher

Wiley

Published

2022

Language

EN

Field

Engineering (Physical Sciences)