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Can I read Extra-nodal Extension in Head and Neck Cancer: How Radiologists Can Help Staging and Treatment Planning on EtoBox?
Extra-nodal Extension in Head and Neck Cancer: How Radiologists Can Help Staging and Treatment Planning by Takashi Hiyama; Hirofumi Kuno; Takahiko Nagaki; Kotaro Sekiya; Shioto Oda; Satoshi Fujii; Ryuichi Hayashi; Tatsushi Kobayashi is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.
What is Extra-nodal Extension in Head and Neck Cancer: How Radiologists Can Help Staging and Treatment Planning about?
Extranodal extension (ENE) is a significant prognostic factor in p16-negative head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma and is classified as N3b by the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition. While most previous radiological studies have focused on the diagnostic performance of pathological ENE, radiologists should be able to provide more clinically relevant information on this entity. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical implications of ENE, to describe key imaging features of ENE with clinical and histopathological correlations and to discuss evaluation of ENE for clinical staging, treatment planning, and predicting the response to treatment. First, we discuss the basics of ENE, including definitions of pathological and clinical ENE and its association with imaging findings. Second, we describe the ENE extension pattern at each location according to level system. The crucial structures determining the choice of treatment include the deep fascia in the deep cervical layer, internal and common carotid arteries, and mediastinal structures. Invasion of the muscles, internal jugular vein, nerves, or mandible also affect the surgical procedure. Finally, we discuss
Who reads Extra-nodal Extension in Head and Neck Cancer: How Radiologists Can Help Staging and Treatment Planning?
It is typically read by researchers, students, and practitioners in Medicine.
- Author
- Takashi Hiyama; Hirofumi Kuno; Takahiko Nagaki; Kotaro Sekiya; Shioto Oda; Satoshi Fujii; Ryuichi Hayashi; Tatsushi Kobayashi
- Publisher
- Springer; Springer-Verlag; Springer Verlag; Springer Science and Business Media LLC; Island Press (ISSN 1867-1071)
- Published
- 2020
- Language
- EN
- Field
- Medicine (Health Sciences)