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This document discusses the rise of the Ottoman Turks in the 14th century and their growing threat to both the Byzantine Empire and all of Christendom. It describes how the Turks gained control of Gallipoli in 1354, giving them unrestricted entry into Europe, and how they began appearing outside the walls of Constantinople in 1359. By 1363, they had taken the major Byzantine city of Philippopolis in northern Thrace. Pope Urban V and Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV encouraged a new crusade specifically against

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