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The document describes experiments conducted to determine the composition of inks used in ancient manuscripts from the 9th to 15th centuries. The experiments showed that the inks contained iron and tannic acid, similar to modern inks. A method is proposed to restore faded writings using phlogistcated alkali and dilute acid, which causes the iron traces to turn blue. Applying the alkali first with acid added on top produced better results with less staining than the reverse order. The marine, vitriolic, and

Author

Hasanzubyre

Language

EN