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期刊论文 数学 表格 图表 En 9 by zionwoo1994 is a document available to read on EtoBox.
The research article presents a novel method for selecting valid instrumental variables (IVs) using negative control outcomes (NCOs) to avoid bias in causal effect estimation in observational studies. The authors developed a two-step estimation procedure that demonstrates semiparametric efficiency and outperforms previous methods through simulations and application to the UK Biobank dataset. This approach allows for the identification of valid IVs without prior knowledge of which instruments are invalid, en
- Author
- zionwoo1994
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- EN