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Break Those Chains at Last: African Americans 1860-1880 (The Young Oxford History of African Americans, Volume 5) by Noralee Frankel; Robin D. G. Kelley; Earl Lewis is a nonfiction available to read on EtoBox.

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<p>"We thought we'd break those chains at last," sang the slaves, hoping such spirituals would sustain them until the Confederacy surrendered and slavery was gone forever. During the Civil War, blacks served in the Union army and navy (although some fought for the South) and in Union-controlled camps, which harbored fleeing slaves. Not all slaves escaped, but even those who remained with their masters began to imagine a new life.<br> After the war, amendments to the Constitution abolished slavery, granted citizenship to freed people, and gave African-American men the right to vote. Freedom, blacks hoped, would also mean political equality and economic well-being. Some moved from rural areas to cities in the South or North; others looked to the West, where many African-American men became farmers or found work as cattle-drive cooks and cowboys.<br> But many whites viewed freedom for African Americans as a threat, and they responded by establishing white supremacy organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan. Organized violence against blacks, along with poor agricultural conditions, discrimination, and worsening economic times, guaranteed poverty for most Southern blacks.<br> Although

Who reads Break Those Chains at Last: African Americans 1860-1880 (The Young Oxford History of African Americans, Volume 5)?

Author

Noralee Frankel; Robin D. G. Kelley; Earl Lewis

Publisher

Oxford University Press, Incorporated

Published

1996

Language

EN

ISBN

9780195087017

Category

nonfiction

Subjects

History, Sociology, Science