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Activated Astrocytes Induce Nitric Oxide Synthase-2 in Cerebral Endothelium via Tumor Necrosis Factor α by Rose A. Shafer; Sean Murphy is a Neuroscience article available to read on EtoBox.

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Astrocytes under pathological conditions become activated and produce a variety of cytokines and low molecular weight signal molecules. Previously we demonstrated that activated astrocytes release nitric oxide which can downregulate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2 in co-cultured cerebral endothelium, and also release a transcriptionally regulated factor that can induce NOS-2 expression in endothelium (Borgerding and Murphy: J Neurochem 65:1342, 1995). The activity of this NOS-2-inducing factor was impeded by inhibitors of tyrosine kinases and NF-B activation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF␣) alone, or in combination with IL-6, induced NOS-2 expression in endothelial cells. A neutralizing antibody against TNF␣ attenuated the NOS-2 expression in endothelial cells exposed to activated astrocytes. These results imply that cytokine-activated astrocytes release TNF␣ which can induce NOS-2 expression in endothelium and suggest that activated astrocytes within the CNS may induce expression of NOS-2 in cells of the adjacent microvasculature. The ensuing alterations in blood-brain barrier properties may be either beneficial or detrimental.

Who reads Activated Astrocytes Induce Nitric Oxide Synthase-2 in Cerebral Endothelium via Tumor Necrosis Factor α?

Author

Rose A. Shafer; Sean Murphy

Publisher

John Wiley and Sons; Wiley (John Wiley & Sons); John Wiley & Sons Inc.; Wiley; Research Square (ISSN 0894-1491)

Published

1997

Language

EN

Field

Neuroscience (Life Sciences)