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The placenta develops from the chorionic sac and endometrium to form the fetal and maternal portions. It differentiates epithelial cells to form the trophoblast layers that allow nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus. The placenta invades the uterine walls to complete implantation and adapts the maternal arteries to accommodate increased blood flow. It functions as an endocrine organ producing hormones like hCG, HPL, and progesterone. Abnormal placental development can restrict fetal growth.
- Author
- Tri Gunawan
- Language
- EN