About this document
Maritime Emissions and European Air Quality by KONSTANTINOS is a document available to read on EtoBox.
Shipping emissions significantly impact air quality in Europe. Studies show shipping contributes up to 30% of particulate matter in some areas. Chemical tracers like vanadium and nickel are used to identify the shipping source, though fuels are changing. Shipping emissions increase levels of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds in coastal regions. Both primary particulate emissions and secondary particles formed from gaseous precursors impact air quality and pu
- Author
- KONSTANTINOS
- Language
- EN