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The syllabus outlines key schools of criminology: the Pre-Classical School, which attributed crime to evil spirits; the Classical School, emphasizing free will and proportional punishment led by theorists like Beccaria and Bentham; and the Positive School, which focuses on empirical factors influencing crime, championed by Lombroso, Ferri, and Garofalo. Each school represents a shift in understanding criminal behavior, moving from supernatural explanations to rational and empirical approaches. The document

Author

Irfan Ali

Language

EN