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Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Impacts of Phenolics on Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium by Alvarado-Martinez, Zabdiel; Bravo, Paulina; Kennedy, Nana-Frekua; Krishna, Mayur; Hussain, Syed; Young, Alana C.; Biswas, Debabrata is a Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology article available to read on EtoBox.

What is Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Impacts of Phenolics on Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium about?

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) remains a major infectious agent in the USA, with an increasing antibiotic resistance pattern, which requires the development of novel antimicrobials capable of controlling ST. Polyphenolic compounds found in plant extracts are strong candidates as alternative antimicrobials, particularly phenolic acids such as gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PA) and vanillic acid (VA). This study evaluates the effectiveness of these compounds in inhibiting ST growth while determining changes to the outer membrane through fluorescent dye uptake and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to measuring alterations to virulence genes with qRT-PCR. Results showed antimicrobial potential for all compounds, significantly inhibiting the detectable growth of ST. Fluorescent spectrophotometry and microscopy detected an increase in relative fluorescent intensity (RFI) and red-colored bacteria over time, suggesting membrane permeabilization. SEM revealed severe morphological defects at the polar ends of bacteria treated with GA and PA, while VA-treated bacteria were found to be mid-division. Relative gene expression showed significant downregulation

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Author

Alvarado-Martinez, Zabdiel; Bravo, Paulina; Kennedy, Nana-Frekua; Krishna, Mayur; Hussain, Syed; Young, Alana C.; Biswas, Debabrata

Publisher

MDPI AG; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI); Basel: MDPI AG, 2012- (ISSN 2079-6382)

Published

2020

Language

EN

Field

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)