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A conjugated π-system has one π molecular orbital (MO) for each p-orbital that contributes, with the lowest energy MO having all p-orbitals in phase and each higher orbital having an additional phase change. As conjugation increases, the energy difference between successive π and π* MOs decreases, meaning absorption occurs at longer wavelengths. Ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectroscopy involve electronic transitions between occupied and unoccupied MOs, usually between the highest occupied MO (HOMO) and low

Author

choemi

Language

EN