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Interventions for Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology by Edward J. Wladis; Vinay K. Aakalu; Rachel K. Sobel; Timothy J. McCulley; Jill A. Foster; Jeremiah P. Tao; Suzanne K. Freitag; Michael T. Yen is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.
What is Interventions for Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology about?
## Purpose: To review the literature on the efficacy and safety of medical and surgical interventions for indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ton), defined as injury to the nerve that occurs distal to the optic nerve head. ## Methods: A literature search was conducted on october 22, 2019, and updated on april 8, 2020, in the pubmed database for english language original research that assessed the effect of various interventions for indirect ton. one hundred seventy-two articles were identified; 41 met the inclusion criteria outlined for assessment and were selected for full-text review and abstraction. on full-text review, a total of 32 studies met all of the study criteria and were included in the analysis. ## Results: No study met criteria for level i evidence. seven studies (1 level ii study and 6 level iii studies) explored corticosteroid therapy that did not have uniformly better outcomes than observation. twenty studies (3 level ii studies and 17 level iii studies) assessed optic canal decompression and the use of corticosteroids. although visual improvement was noted after decompression, studies that directly compared surgery with medical therapy did not report uniformly im
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- Author
- Edward J. Wladis; Vinay K. Aakalu; Rachel K. Sobel; Timothy J. McCulley; Jill A. Foster; Jeremiah P. Tao; Suzanne K. Freitag; Michael T. Yen
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020
- Language
- EN
- Field
- Medicine (Health Sciences)