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## Experiments and methods 4-(Methylthio)benzoic acid was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). The Ag wire (φ0.25 mm, 99.9985%), NaClO 4 (99%), HClO 4 (50%) and NaOH (95%) were purchased from Alfa-Asia (Ward Hill, MA, USA) and used as received, and all aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (>18.2 MΩ cm). ## Single-molecule conductance measurement Conductance measurement was carried out on the modified Nanoscope IIIa STM (Veeco, Plainview, NY, USA). Au wire (0.25 mm diameter, 99.999%, Alfa Aesar ) was used to make STM tip, and Au (111) was used as the substrate. The thermosetting polyethylene glue coated Au tip is used to minimize the ionic leakage current of electrochemical reaction in aqueous solutions. Prior to each experiment, the substrate was polished by electrochemistry and annealed by butane flame. We carried out the conductance measurements in 0.05 M NaClO 4 solution containing 0.1 mM sample molecule at room temperature. The pH of solution is measured with a pH meter (Model PHS-3E pH Meter Manual, Shanghai INESA & Scientific Instrument Co.Ltd). The process of STM-BJ method is briefly described as follows. Firstly, the tip is driven toward the substrate t

Publisher

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Language

EN