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Psychological Placebo and Nocebo Effects on Pain Rely on Expectation and Previous Experience by Philipp Reicherts; Antje B.M. Gerdes; Paul Pauli; Matthias J. Wieser is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

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Expectation and previous experience are both well established key mediators of placebo and nocebo effects. However, the investigation of their respective contribution to placebo and nocebo responses is rather difficult because most placebo and nocebo manipulations are contaminated by pre-existing treatment expectancies resulting from a learning history of previous medical interventions. To circumvent any resemblance to classical treatments, a purely psychological placebo-nocebo manipulation was established, namely, the "visual stripe pattern-induced modulation of pain." To this end, experience and expectation regarding the effects of different visual cues (stripe patterns) on pain were varied across 3 different groups, with either only placebo instruction (expectation), placebo conditioning (experience), or both (expectation + experience) applied. Only the combined manipulation (expectation + experience) revealed significant behavioral and physiological placebo-nocebo effects on pain. Two subsequent experiments, which, in addition to placebo and nocebo cues, included a neutral control condition further showed that especially nocebo responses were more easily induced by this psychol

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Author

Philipp Reicherts; Antje B.M. Gerdes; Paul Pauli; Matthias J. Wieser

Published

2015

Language

EN

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)