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Cost of reproduction: parental survival and production of recruits in the Willow Tit Parus montanus by Markku Orell; Kari Koivula is a Environmental Science article available to read on EtoBox.

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Brood sizes of the Willow Tit were altered experimentally by subtracting or adding two nestlings in 1986 and 1987 in the vicinity of Oulu, northern Finland. The manipulated broods were within the normal range observed in natural conditions. Unaltered broods were used as controls. Data from natural broods from 1978-1985 were available for comparison. When the nestlings were 13 days old they were ringed and weighed and their tarsus, wing, and tail lengths were measured. On the same day the parents were caught, weighed, and measured. In 1986 there were no differences in nestling mortality between the reduced, control, or enlarged broods; i.e. parents were able to fledge the two extra young. In 1987 starvation was most pronounced in the enlarged broods. This resulted in the number of fledglings being practically the same in each manipulation category. Especially the body weight, but also the other indices of body size, decreased as a function of the brood size category, suggesting that there may be quality differences between the young reared in different experimental groups. In 1986 there was a non-significant trend towards lower body weight of the parents attending reduced, control,

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Author

Markku Orell; Kari Koivula

Publisher

Springer-Verlag; Springer Verlag; Springer Science and Business Media LLC (ISSN 0029-8549)

Published

1988

Language

EN

Field

Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)