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Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension occurs frequently, particularly in the elderly and those undergoing caesarean section. It is caused by arterial and venous vasodilatation from sympathetic block and activation of cardioinhibitory receptors. Fluid preloading, especially with colloids like hydroxyethyl starch, reduces hypotension incidence and severity, while crystalloids are not as effective. Ephedrine is traditionally used to treat hypotension with bradycardia, while phenylephrine and norepinephrine adm

Author

Akash Sharma

Language

EN