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The chloride concentration in Lake Constance has increased by a factor of 2.4 over the past 40 years. The authors estimated the total chloride import to the catchment in 2006 to be 101 kt, with road deicing salts contributing 52% and waste water 23%. Monitoring programs traced an average total chloride export from the catchment into the lake of almost 70 kt. About 65% of applied road deicing salts and manure reached the lake within a year, while 35% remained in soils and groundwater. The average annual chlo
- Author
- zhuzai
- Language
- EN