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Confounders in the Assessment of the Renal Effects Associated with Low-level Urinary Cadmium: an Analysis in Industrial Workers by Nahida Haddam; Sekkal Samira; Xavier Dumont; Abdesselem Taleb; Dominique Lison; Vincent Haufroid; Alfred Bernard is a Environmental Science article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Background Associations of proteinuria with low-level urinary cadmium (Cd) are currently interpreted as the sign of renal dysfunction induced by Cd. Few studies have considered the possibility that these associations might be non causal and arise from confounding by factors influencing the renal excretion of Cd and proteins. ## Methods We examined 184 healthy male workers (mean age, 39.5 years) from a zinc smelter (n = 132) or a blanket factory (n = 52). We measured the concentrations of Cd in blood (B-Cd) and the urinary excretion of Cd (U-Cd), retinol-binding protein (RBP), protein HC and albumin. Associations between biomarkers of metal exposure and urinary proteins were assessed by simple and multiple regression analyses. ## Results The medians (interquartile range) of B-Cd (μg/l) and U-Cd (μg/g creatinine) were 0.80 (0.45-1.16) and 0.70 (0.40-1.3) in smelter workers and 0.66 (0.47-0.87) and 0.55 (0.40-0.90) in blanket factory workers, respectively. Occupation had no influence on these values, which varied mainly with smoking habits. In univariate analysis, concentrations of RBP and protein HC in urine were significantly correlated with both U-Cd and B-Cd but these associati

Who reads Confounders in the Assessment of the Renal Effects Associated with Low-level Urinary Cadmium: an Analysis in Industrial Workers?

Author

Nahida Haddam; Sekkal Samira; Xavier Dumont; Abdesselem Taleb; Dominique Lison; Vincent Haufroid; Alfred Bernard

Publisher

BioMed Central; Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.); [London]: BioMed Central, c2002-; Springer Science and Business Media LLC; Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc. (ISSN 1476-069X)

Published

2011

Language

EN

Field

Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)