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Total world sea borne trade is 6200 million tons per year, with 92% of world trade by sea. Dry bulk cargo makes up 40% and liquid bulk cargo 60%. Liner services operate on fixed routes and schedules with fixed freight rates, while tramp services are chartered on an as-needed basis with freight rates determined by supply and demand. Under conventions like the Hague Rules, carriers are responsible for ensuring ships are seaworthy and properly equipped before voyages, and their liability is limited per package

Author

Mayank Bhatt

Language

EN