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## Modes of Reproduction THE MODES OF REPRODUCTION of insects are diverse and remarkable and have stimulated the invention of some equally remarkable labels such as pedogenesis, polyembryony, thelytoky, gynogenesis, heterogony, facultative deuterotoky-and our favorite, arrhenotokous parthenogenesis. Faced with such formidable terms, one may be tempted to take up the study of mammals. Rather than do this, we shall examine the catalogue of reproductive techniques, sexual and asexual, from an evolutionary perspective. Our goal is to identify some costs and benefits of the different modes of reproduction by examining their genetic consequences in different ecological settings. In keeping with the working hypothesis established in the first chapter, we shall offer interpretations of the various reproductive methods consistent with the notion that they are evolved adaptations that promote the genetic success of individuals. The natural history of an aphid provides an appropriate introduction to this topic. Aphids may be small and familiar insects, but their life cycles are highly complex and often involve an alternation of different methods of reproduction. Williams (1975) has argued tha

Publisher

Harvard University Press

Published

1983

Language

EN