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What is Basic Concepts of Thiol Chemistry and Biology about?

1 Thiols in biology Thiols (RSH) are organosulfur compounds that contain carbon-bonded sulfhydryl (also called sulfanyl) groups. They are the sulfur analogs of alcohols (ROH), and are also known as mercaptans because of their ability to bind to mercury compounds. Thiols are widespread in all biological systems. Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols are important in numerous processes, where they participate in different types of essential redox reactions (Glossary box), alkylation reactions, and metal binding. Some common biologically relevant LMW thiols include the amino acids cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine, the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), coenzyme A, and dihydrolipoic acid (Fig. ). Other LMW thiols, such as trypanothione, mycothiol, bacillithiol, coenzyme M, and coenzyme B, are also important in some specific organisms. Most LMW thiols derive from Cys. In addition, Cys is the source of sulfur for the formation of Fe/S clusters in proteins. The thiol group is also essential for protein function. Cys protein residues are genetically encoded and present in all organisms. Since Cys is almost always important for protein function or regulation, it is highly conserved in proteins. The u

Author

Beatriz Alvarez; Gustavo Salinas

Publisher

Elsevier

Published

2022

Language

EN