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The Evolution of Protostellar Outflow Cavities, Kinematics, and Angular Distribution of Momentum and Energy in Orion A: Evidence for Dynamical Cores by Hsieh, Cheng-Han; Arce, Héctor G.; Li, Zhi-Yun; Dunham, Michael; Offner, Stella; Stephens, Ian W.; Stutz, Amelia; Megeath, Tom; Kong, Shuo; Plunkett, Adele; Tobin, John J.; Zhang, Yichen; Mardones, Diego; Pineda, Jaime E.; Stanke, Thomas; Carpenter, John is a scholarly article available to read on EtoBox.

What is The Evolution of Protostellar Outflow Cavities, Kinematics, and Angular Distribution of Momentum and Energy in Orion A: Evidence for Dynamical Cores about?

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the $\sim$10 kAU environment surrounding 21 protostars in the Orion A molecular cloud tracing outflows. Our sample is composed of Class 0 to flat-spectrum protostars, spanning the full $\sim$1 Myr lifetime. We derive the angular distribution of outflow momentum and energy profiles and obtain the first two-dimensional instantaneous mass, momentum, and energy ejection rate maps using our new approach: the Pixel Flux-tracing Technique (PFT). Our results indicate that by the end of the protostellar phase, outflows will remove $\sim$2 to 4 M$_\odot$ from the surrounding $\sim$1 M$_\odot$ low-mass core. These high values indicate that outflows remove a significant amount of gas from their parent cores and continuous core accretion from larger scales is needed to replenish core material for star formation. This poses serious challenges to the concept of ``cores as well-defined mass reservoirs", and hence to the simplified core-to-star conversion prescriptions. Furthermore, we show that cavity opening angles, and momentum and energy distributions all increase with the protostar evolutionary stage. This is clear evidenc

Author

Hsieh, Cheng-Han; Arce, Héctor G.; Li, Zhi-Yun; Dunham, Michael; Offner, Stella; Stephens, Ian W.; Stutz, Amelia; Megeath, Tom; Kong, Shuo; Plunkett, Adele; Tobin, John J.; Zhang, Yichen; Mardones, Diego; Pineda, Jaime E.; Stanke, Thomas; Carpenter, John

Published

2023

Language

EN