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This document discusses non-ideal mixtures of liquids and their phase diagrams. It provides an example of an azeotropic mixture, ethanol and water, which has an unexpected boiling point curve. This azeotrope makes it impossible to obtain pure ethanol by simple fractional distillation of mixtures containing less than 95.6% ethanol, as the distillate will remain constant at 95.6% ethanol. Nitric acid and water is given as an example showing negative deviations from Raoult

Author

Kashif Riaz

Language

EN