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III l CHAPTER V III l SCIENCE AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT THERE Is A sTORY that only once was Newton known to laugh, when someone asked him what use he saw in the Element; of Euclid? But how much more incongruous is the place he has come to occupy in the history of ideas as godfather to the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. For, when one thinks of it baldly, how can the Principia and the Opticks have inspired Jefferson's proposition that under the law of nature a broken contract authorized Americans to rebel against George III? Or the constitutional device of checks and balances? Or the atomic rnadel of society, individualism in Europe replacing arganie feudal corporatism? Or the instinct of Jean Jacques Rousseau that the state of nature is a state of virtue? Or the feeling of romantics that society should be based, therefore, on virtue, and of rationalists that it should be based (on the contrary) on talent? Or the campaign of sly sardonic japing which Parisian skeptics levied against the Christian religion? Or Jeremy Bentham's vocation as the Newton of legislation, his identification of utility, the greatesthappiness principle, as the social law of gravity, and his gentie determination

Publisher

Princeton University Press

Published

2016

Language

EN