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Artificial incubation of trumpeter swan eggs: Selected factors affecting hatchability by E.C. Hamilton; D.B. Hunter; Dale A. Smith; P. Michel is a Environmental Science article available to read on EtoBox.

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Eggs collected from captive trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) in 1993 (n = 33) and 1994 (n = 42) were artificially incubated with careful monitoring to identify factors contributing to the low hatch success reported by the Ontario Trumpeter Swan Restoration Program. Fertility was > 80% in both years, whereas hatch success of fertile eggs was 14.3% (n = 4) of 28 eggs in 1993 and 37.1% (n = 13) of 35 eggs in 1994. Necropsy of non-viable eggs indicated a high incidence of embryonic mortality during early and late incubation. Early embryonic mortality was associated with egg storage times exceeding 7 days (P < 0.05) and bacterial contamination of eggs (P < 0.01). Late mortality was associated with (P 15% resulted in embryo mortality. Results from this study indicate that collection and handling of eggs before incubation and precise control of the incubator environment are critical to hatchability of eggs.

Who reads Artificial incubation of trumpeter swan eggs: Selected factors affecting hatchability?

Author

E.C. Hamilton; D.B. Hunter; Dale A. Smith; P. Michel

Publisher

John Wiley and Sons; Wiley (John Wiley & Sons); John Wiley & Sons Inc.; Wiley (ISSN 0733-3188)

Published

1999

Language

EN

Field

Environmental Science (Life Sciences)