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Hypothalamic Nitric Oxide in Hypoglycemia Detection and Counterregulation: A Two-Edged Sword by Xavier Fioramonti; Zhentao Song; Reema P. Vazirani; Annie Beuve; Vanessa H. Routh is a Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology article available to read on EtoBox.

What is Hypothalamic Nitric Oxide in Hypoglycemia Detection and Counterregulation: A Two-Edged Sword about?

Hypoglycemia is the main complication for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus receiving intensive insulin therapy. In addition to the obvious deleterious effects of acute hypoglycemia on brain function, recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia (RH) have an even more insidious effect. RH impairs the ability of the brain to detect and initiate an appropriate counterregulatory response (CRR) to restore euglycemia in response to subsequent hypoglycemia. Knowledge of mechanisms involved in hypoglycemia detection and counterregulation has significantly improved over the past 20 years. Glucose sensitive neurons (GSNs) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) may play a key role in the CRR. VMH nitric oxide (NO) production has recently been shown to be critical for both the CRR and glucose sensing by glucose-inhibited neurons. Interestingly, downstream effects of NO may also contribute to the impaired CRR after RH. In this review, we will discuss current literature regarding the molecular mechanisms by which VMH GSNs sense glucose. Putative roles of GSNs in the detection and initiation of the CRR will then be described. Finally, hypothetical mechanisms by which VMH NO production may both facili

Who reads Hypothalamic Nitric Oxide in Hypoglycemia Detection and Counterregulation: A Two-Edged Sword?

Author

Xavier Fioramonti; Zhentao Song; Reema P. Vazirani; Annie Beuve; Vanessa H. Routh

Publisher

Mary Ann Liebert Inc

Published

2011

Language

EN

Field

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)